{ "id": 7169, "date": "2022-03-30T02:56:21", "date_gmt": "2022-03-29T23:56:21", "guid": { "rendered": "http:\/\/2022.aa.org.lv\/?page_id=7169" }, "modified": "2024-11-06T19:54:59", "modified_gmt": "2024-11-06T17:54:59", "slug": "aa-vesture", "status": "publish", "type": "page", "link": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/aa-vesture\/", "title": { "rendered": "Da\u017e\u0101di" }, "content": { "rendered": "
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AA pirms\u0101kumi<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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AA pirms\u0101kumi<\/strong>
AA aizs\u0101k\u0101s 1935. gad\u0101 Akron\u0101, Ohaio \u0161tat\u0101, p\u0113c \u0145ujorkas bir\u017eas m\u0101klera Bila V. un Akronas \u0137irurga Dr. Boba S. tik\u0161an\u0101s. Abi bija k\u013cuvu\u0161i par bezcer\u012bgiem alkoholi\u0137iem.
Pirms abu satik\u0161an\u0101s gan Bils, gan Dr. Bobs jau bija paz\u012bstami ar tolaik popul\u0101ru reli\u0123isku kust\u012bbu ar nosaukumu “Oksfordas grupa”. \u0160\u012b biedr\u012bba, kuras dal\u012bbnieki p\u0101rsvar\u0101 nebija alkoholi\u0137i, uzsv\u0113ra univers\u0101lu gar\u012bgu v\u0113rt\u012bbu praktiz\u0113\u0161anu ikdienas dz\u012bv\u0113. Tolaik Oksfordas grupu ASV vad\u012bja episkop\u0101l\u0101s bazn\u012bcas gar\u012bdznieks Dr. Semjuels \u0160\u016bmeikers.<\/p>

\u0160\u012bs gar\u012bg\u0101s m\u0101c\u012bbas iespaid\u0101 Bils bija palicis skaidr\u0101 ar sena drauga Ebija T. pal\u012bdz\u012bbu. Lai uztur\u0113tu savu atvese\u013co\u0161anos, Bils turpin\u0101ja str\u0101d\u0101t ar citiem alkoholi\u0137iem. Tom\u0113r pirms tik\u0161an\u0101s ar Dr. Bobu neviens no alkoholi\u0137iem, ar kuriem Bils m\u0113\u0123in\u0101ja str\u0101d\u0101t, nebija sasniedzis cer\u0113to rezult\u0101tu.<\/p>

Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 laik\u0101 Dr. Boba dal\u012bba Akronas Oksfordas grup\u0101 izr\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s nepietiekama, lai ieg\u016btu skaidr\u012bbu, savuk\u0101rt satik\u0161an\u0101s ar Bilu atst\u0101ja uz vi\u0146u neizdz\u0113\u0161amu iespaidu. Pirmo reizi vi\u0146\u0161 bija bija sastapis alkoholi\u0137i, kuram bija izdevies atvese\u013coties.<\/em><\/p>

Bils uzsv\u0113ra, ka alkoholisms ir pr\u0101ta, emociju un \u0137erme\u0146a slim\u012bba. \u0160o svar\u012bgo faktu Bils uzzin\u0101ja no Dr. Viljama D. Silkvorta, \u0145ujorkas Taunsas slimn\u012bcas (Towns Hospital<\/em>) galven\u0101 \u0101rsta. Bils bija vair\u0101kk\u0101rt non\u0101cis Dr. Silkvorta apr\u016bp\u0113. Lai gan Dr. Bobs pats bija \u0101rsts, vi\u0146\u0161 nezin\u0101ja, ka alkoholisms ir slim\u012bba. Atsaucoties Bila p\u0101rliecino\u0161aj\u0101m idej\u0101m, Dr. Bobs dr\u012bz vien palika skaidr\u0101 un nekad vairs neatgriez\u0101s pie alkohola. Tas k\u013cuva par pamatu AA dzim\u0161anai.<\/p>

Abi v\u012bri nekav\u0113joties s\u0101ka str\u0101d\u0101t ar alkoholi\u0137iem Akronas pils\u0113tas slimn\u012bc\u0101. Viens no pacientiem dr\u012bz vien ieguva piln\u012bgu skaidr\u012bbu. \u0160ie tr\u012bs v\u012bri k\u013cuva par pirm\u0101s AA grupas kodolu (lai gan tolaik vi\u0146i v\u0113l nelietoja nosaukumu Anon\u012bmie alkoholi\u0137i<\/em>).<\/p>

S\u0101kotn\u0113ji l\u0113na izaugsme, kurai sekoja strauj\u0161 uzplaukums<\/strong>
1935. gada ruden\u012b \u0145ujork\u0101 pamaz\u0101m izveidoj\u0101s otra alkoholi\u0137u grupa. Tre\u0161\u0101 grupa par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s Kl\u012bvlend\u0101 1939. gad\u0101. Bija vajadz\u012bgi \u010detri gadi, lai visu tr\u012bs s\u0101kotn\u0113jo grupu biedru skaits sasniegtu aptuveni 100 cilv\u0113ku.<\/p>

1939. gada s\u0101kum\u0101 sadraudz\u012bba izdeva savu rokasgr\u0101matu “Anon\u012bmie alkoholi\u0137i”. \u0160\u012b gr\u0101mata, kuru sarakst\u012bja Bils, ta\u010du kuras tap\u0161an\u0101 piedal\u012bj\u0101s daudzi agr\u012bnie biedri, aprakst\u012bja AA filozofiju un atvese\u013co\u0161an\u0101s metodi. Par \u0161\u012b darba vainagojumu k\u013cuva tagad labi paz\u012bstamie Divpadsmit so\u013ci. Gr\u0101mat\u0101 bija iek\u013cautas ar\u012b tr\u012bsdesmit atvese\u013coju\u0161os biedru gad\u012bjumu v\u0113stures. No \u0161\u012b br\u012b\u017ea s\u0101k\u0101s strauja AA att\u012bst\u012bba.<\/p>

T\u0101pat 1939. gad\u0101 laikraksts The Cleveland Plain Dealer<\/em> public\u0113ja vair\u0101kus rakstus par AA. \u0160ie raksti, kurus papildin\u0101ja pozit\u012bvi redakcijas koment\u0101ri, izrais\u012bja daudzus l\u016bgumus p\u0113c pal\u012bdz\u012bbas. Kl\u012bvlendas grupa, kur\u0101 bija tikai divdesmit biedri, cent\u0101s pal\u012bdz\u0113t \u0161iem alkoholi\u0137iem. Alkoholi\u0137i, kas bija skaidr\u0101 tikai da\u017eas ned\u0113\u013cas, tika iesaist\u012bti darb\u0101 ar pavisam jauniem gad\u012bjumiem. Tas pav\u0113ra jaunu darb\u012bbas virzienu, kura rezult\u0101ti bija apbr\u012bnojami. Da\u017eus m\u0113ne\u0161u laik\u0101 Kl\u012bvlendas grupas biedru skaits bija pieaudzis l\u012bdz aptuveni 500.<\/p>

Tikm\u0113r \u0145ujork\u0101 1938. gad\u0101 Dr. Bobs un Bils bija izveidoju\u0161i pilnvaroto padomi, lai p\u0101rst\u0101v\u0113tu tikko dzimu\u0161o sadraudz\u012bbu. Par jaun\u0101s padomes locek\u013ciem k\u013cuva gan AA biedri, gan uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113ja un filantropa D\u017eona D. Rokfellera juniora p\u0101rst\u0101vji. \u0160\u012b padome tika nosaukta par “Alkoholi\u0137u nodibin\u0101jumu” (The Alcoholic Foundation<\/em>). Ta\u010du visi centieni piesaist\u012bt iev\u0113rojamus finan\u0161u l\u012bdzek\u013cus cieta neveiksmi, jo Rokfellers secin\u0101ja, ka liela nauda var\u0113tu samait\u0101t jaunizveidoto kust\u012bbu.<\/p>

Tom\u0113r nodibin\u0101jumam izdev\u0101s atv\u0113rt nelielu biroju \u0145ujork\u0101. Biroja m\u0113r\u0137is bija apstr\u0101d\u0101t inform\u0101cijas piepras\u012bjumus un izplat\u012bt AA gr\u0101matas. L\u012bdz \u0161im \u0161os centienus liel\u0101koties finans\u0113ja pa\u0161i AA biedri.<\/p>

Gan gr\u0101mata, gan jaunais birojs dr\u012bz vien lieti noder\u0113ja. \u017durn\u0101ls Liberty<\/em> 1939. gada ruden\u012b public\u0113ja rakstu par AA, kas izrais\u012bja aptuveni 800 izmis\u012bgu l\u016bgumu p\u0113c pal\u012bdz\u012bbas. Lai veicin\u0101tu AA atpaz\u012bstam\u012bbu, 1940. gad\u0101 Rokfellers sar\u012bkoja vakari\u0146as, kur\u0101s iel\u016bdza daudzus ietekm\u012bgus draugus no \u0145ujorkas aprind\u0101m.<\/p>

Tas izrais\u012bja v\u0113l vienu l\u016bgumu piepl\u016bdumu. Katrs l\u016bgums sa\u0146\u0113ma personisku v\u0113stuli un nelielu bukletu. Uzman\u012bbu izpeln\u012bj\u0101s ar\u012b gr\u0101mata “Anon\u012bmie alkoholi\u0137i”, kas nesen bija par\u0101d\u012bjusies aprit\u0113. Ar biroja un ce\u013cojo\u0161o AA biedru atbalstu s\u0101ka par\u0101d\u012bties daudzas jaunas grupas. Gada beig\u0101s biedru skaits sasniedza 2000.<\/p>

Tad 1941. gada mart\u0101 laikrakst\u0101 The Saturday Evening Post<\/em> par\u0101d\u012bj\u0101s lielisks \u017eurn\u0101lista D\u017eeka Aleksandra raksts par Anon\u012bmajiem alkoholi\u0137iem. Sekoja milz\u012bga rezonanse. L\u012bdz gada beig\u0101m biedru skaits bija sasniedzis 6000, un proporcion\u0101li palielin\u0101j\u0101s ar\u012b grupu skaits. Sadraudz\u012bba izplat\u012bj\u0101s vis\u0101 ASV un Kan\u0101d\u0101.<\/p>

1950. gad\u0101 pasaul\u0113 jau bija 100 000 atvese\u013coju\u0161os alkoholi\u0137u. Lai ar\u012b \u0161is skaitlis bija iespaid\u012bgs, tom\u0113r posms no 1940. l\u012bdz 1950. gadam bija nenoteikt\u012bbas pilns laiks. Par svar\u012bg\u0101ko jaut\u0101jumu k\u013cuva tas, vai visi \u0161ie sv\u0101rst\u012bgie alkoholi\u0137i sp\u0113s sadz\u012bvot un sadarboties. Vai sp\u0113s tur\u0113ties kop\u0101 un efekt\u012bvi dar\u012bt savu darbu? \u0160\u012b probl\u0113ma pras\u012bja risin\u0101jumu. Tikm\u0113r \u0145ujorkas galven\u0101 m\u012btne pavad\u012bja daudz laika sarakst\u0113 ar t\u016bksto\u0161iem grupu, atbildot uz vi\u0146u jaut\u0101jumiem.<\/p>

Tom\u0113r jau 1946. gad\u0101 k\u013cuva iesp\u0113jams izdar\u012bt da\u017eus secin\u0101jumus par to, k\u0101das attieksmes un aktivit\u0101tes vislab\u0101k atbilstu AA m\u0113r\u0137iem. \u0160ie principi izriet\u0113ja no s\u0101kotn\u0113jo grupu pieredzes. Bils tos apkopoja Anon\u012bmo alkoholi\u0137u Divpadsmit trad\u012bcij\u0101s. L\u012bdz 1950. gadam agr\u0101kais haoss liel\u0101 m\u0113r\u0101 bija izzudis. Praks\u0113 tikai ieviesta veiksm\u012bga AA vienot\u012bbas un darb\u012bbas formula.<\/p>

L\u012bdzdibin\u0101t\u0101ja Dr. Boba mantojums
<\/strong>\u0160aj\u0101 drud\u017eainaj\u0101 desmitgad\u0113 Dr. Bobs velt\u012bja sevi alkoholi\u0137u apr\u016bpei slimn\u012bc\u0101. Vi\u0146\u0161 iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja vi\u0146us ar AA principiem. Daudzi alkoholi\u0137i ierad\u0101s Akron\u0101, lai sa\u0146emtu pal\u012bdz\u012bbu Sv\u0113t\u0101 Toma slimn\u012bc\u0101. Dr. Bobs k\u013cuva par t\u0101s person\u0101la locekli. Vi\u0146\u0161 un vi\u0146a l\u012bdzstr\u0101dniece, izcil\u0101 m\u0101sa Ign\u0101cija, apr\u016bp\u0113ja un iepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja ar A.A. aptuveni 5000 slimnieku. P\u0113c Dr. Boba n\u0101ves 1950. gad\u0101 m\u0101sa Ign\u0101cija turpin\u0101ja str\u0101d\u0101t Kl\u012bvlendas Labdar\u012bbas slimn\u012bc\u0101. Vi\u0146ai pal\u012bdz\u0113ja viet\u0113j\u0101s AA grupas, un tur A.A. pirmo reizi atrada v\u0113l 10 000 ciet\u0113ju. Tas bija lielisks piem\u0113rs tam, k\u0101 AA sp\u0113j sadarboties gan ar medic\u012bnu, gan gar\u012bdzniec\u012bbu.<\/p>

Taj\u0101 pa\u0161\u0101 gad\u0101 AA organiz\u0113ja savu pirmo Starptautisko saietu Kl\u012bvlend\u0101, kas k\u013cuva par Dr. Bobs p\u0113d\u0113jo uzst\u0101\u0161an\u0101s reizi. Vi\u0146\u0161 uzsv\u0113ra nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbu saglab\u0101t AA vienk\u0101r\u0161\u012bbu. Vi\u0146\u0161 k\u013cuva par liecinieku tam, k\u0101 Divpadsmit trad\u012bcijas ar entuziasmu tika pie\u0146emtas past\u0101v\u012bgai lieto\u0161anai AA sadraudz\u012bb\u0101 vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113. Dr. Bobs nomira 1950. gada 16. novembr\u012b.<\/p>

Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s kalpo\u0161anas konferences ra\u0161an\u0101s
<\/strong>N\u0101kamaj\u0101 gad\u0101 notika v\u0113l viens svar\u012bgs notikums. \u0145ujorkas birojs iev\u0113rojami papla\u0161in\u0101ja savu darb\u012bbu. T\u0101 funkcijas tagad ietv\u0113ra:<\/p>

  • sabiedrisk\u0101s attiec\u012bbas,<\/li>
  • pal\u012bdz\u012bbu jaun\u0101m grup\u0101m,<\/li>
  • sadarb\u012bbu ar slimn\u012bc\u0101m,<\/li>
  • sadarb\u012bbu ar cietumiem,<\/li>
  • saraksti ar ce\u013cojo\u0161iem un noma\u013cos pasaules re\u0123ionos dz\u012bvojo\u0161iem AA biedriem,<\/li>
  • sadarb\u012bbu ar cit\u0101m organiz\u0101cij\u0101m alkoholisma jom\u0101.

    <\/li><\/ul>

    Galven\u0101 m\u012btne s\u0101ka ar\u012b izdot “standartiz\u0113tas” AA gr\u0101matas un bukletus. T\u0101 uzraudz\u012bja to tulko\u0161anu cit\u0101s valod\u0101s. M\u016bsu starptautiskais \u017eurn\u0101ls AA Grapevine<\/em> sasniedza iev\u0113rojamu tir\u0101\u017eu. \u0160\u012bs un daudzas citas aktivit\u0101tes k\u013cuva par neaizst\u0101jamiem elementiem visas sadraudz\u012bbas darb\u012bb\u0101.<\/p>

    Un tom\u0113r \u0161ie vit\u0101li svar\u012bgie pas\u0101kumi joproj\u0101m atrad\u0101s izol\u0113tas pilnvaroto padomes rok\u0101s. Bils un Dr. Bobs bija vien\u012bg\u0101 pilnvaroto saikne ar sadraudz\u012bbu. K\u0101 l\u012bdzdibin\u0101t\u0101ji bija uzsv\u0113ru\u0161i jau pirms vair\u0101kiem gadiem, bija absol\u016bti nepiecie\u0161ams sasaist\u012bt AA pilnvarotos ar sadraudz\u012bbu, kurai tie kalpoja.<\/p>

    Dr\u012bz vien tika sasaukti deleg\u0101ti no visiem ASV un Kan\u0101das \u0161tatiem un provinc\u0113m. \u0160\u0101d\u0101 sast\u0101v\u0101 \u0161\u012b kalpo\u0161anas strukt\u016bra pirmo reizi san\u0101ca 1951. gad\u0101. Neraugoties uz s\u0101kotn\u0113j\u0101m ba\u017e\u0101m, san\u0101ksme bija \u013coti veiksm\u012bga. Pirmo reizi padome k\u013cuva tie\u0161i atbild\u012bga visai AA sadraudz\u012bbai kopum\u0101. T\u0101 rad\u0101s AA Visp\u0101r\u0113j\u0101s kalpo\u0161anas konference — un t\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di nodro\u0161in\u0101ta AA past\u0101v\u0113\u0161ana n\u0101kotn\u0113.<\/p>

    1955. gad\u0101 Sentluis\u0101 notika otrais starptautiskais saiets, kur\u0101 atz\u012bm\u0113ja sadraudz\u012bbas 20. gadadienu. Uz to br\u012bdi konference bija piln\u012bb\u0101 attaisnojusi savas cer\u012bbas. \u0160aj\u0101 san\u0101ksm\u0113 vecbiedru v\u0101rd\u0101 Bils nodeva AA turpm\u0101ko aizg\u0101d\u012bbu un p\u0101rraudz\u012bbu konferences un t\u0101s pilnvaroto rok\u0101s. \u0160aj\u0101 br\u012bd\u012b sadraudz\u012bba k\u013cuva patst\u0101v\u012bga — Anon\u012bmie alkoholi\u0137i sasniedza pilngad\u012bbu.<\/p>

    AA turpina izaugsmi vis\u0101 pasaul\u0113
    <\/strong>Ja neb\u016btu A.A. draugu, Anon\u012bmie alkoholi\u0137i, iesp\u0113jams, nekad neb\u016btu radu\u0161ies. AA nekad neb\u016btu var\u0113jusi att\u012bst\u012bties un uzplaukt bez daudziem cilv\u0113kiem. \u012apa\u0161i svar\u012bga noz\u012bme bija m\u016bsu draugiem medic\u012bnas, reli\u0123ijas un komunik\u0101cijas jom\u0101s. Esam \u013coti pateic\u012bgi par vi\u0146u ieguld\u012bto laiku un p\u016bl\u0113m, lai pal\u012bdz\u0113tu A.A.<\/p>

    Bils nomira Maiami 1971. gada 24. janv\u0101r\u012b. Pirms septi\u0146iem m\u0113ne\u0161iem \u0161aj\u0101 viet\u0101 vi\u0146\u0161 bija teicis savu p\u0113d\u0113jo publisko uzrunu AA 35. gadu jubilejai velt\u012btaj\u0101 starptautiskaj\u0101 saiet\u0101. Vi\u0146a p\u0113d\u0113jie v\u0101rdi saviem A.A. biedriem bija \u0161\u0101di: “Lai Dievs m\u016b\u017e\u012bgi sv\u0113t\u012b j\u016bs un Anon\u012bmos alkoholi\u0137us.”<\/p>

    Kop\u0161 t\u0101 laika AA ir k\u013cuvusi par patie\u0161\u0101m glob\u0101lu sadraudz\u012bbu. Tas pier\u0101da, ka AA dz\u012bvesveids m\u016bsdien\u0101s var p\u0101rvar\u0113t vair\u0101kumu rases, tic\u012bbas un valodas barjeru. Reizi divos gados tiek r\u012bkota Pasaules kalpo\u0161anas san\u0101ksme, kas pirmo reizi san\u0101ca 1969. gad\u0101. T\u0101 notiek p\u0101rmai\u0146us \u0145ujork\u0101 un cit\u0101s pasaules valst\u012bs, k\u0101, piem\u0113ram, Anglij\u0101, Meksik\u0101, Jaunz\u0113land\u0113, Somij\u0101 un citur.<\/p>

    \u0160odien Anon\u012bmie alkoholi\u0137i ir atrodami aptuveni 180 pasaules valst\u012bs.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>", "protected": false }, "excerpt": { "rendered": "

    AA pirms\u0101kumi AA pirms\u0101kumiAA aizs\u0101k\u0101s 1935. gad\u0101 Akron\u0101, Ohaio \u0161tat\u0101, p\u0113c \u0145ujorkas bir\u017eas m\u0101klera Bila V. un Akronas \u0137irurga Dr. Boba S. tik\u0161an\u0101s. Abi bija k\u013cuvu\u0161i par bezcer\u012bgiem alkoholi\u0137iem.Pirms abu satik\u0161an\u0101s gan Bils, gan Dr. Bobs jau bija paz\u012bstami ar tolaik popul\u0101ru reli\u0123isku kust\u012bbu ar nosaukumu “Oksfordas grupa”. \u0160\u012b biedr\u012bba, kuras dal\u012bbnieki p\u0101rsvar\u0101 nebija alkoholi\u0137i, […]<\/p>", "protected": false }, "author": 1, "featured_media": 0, "parent": 0, "menu_order": 0, "comment_status": "closed", "ping_status": "closed", "template": "", "meta": { "footnotes": "" }, "class_list": [ "post-7169", "page", "type-page", "status-publish", "hentry" ], "_links": { "self": [ { "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7169", "targetHints": { "allow": [ "GET" ] } } ], "collection": [ { "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages" } ], "about": [ { "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page" } ], "author": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1" } ], "replies": [ { "embeddable": true, "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7169" } ], "version-history": [ { "count": 34, "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7169\/revisions" } ], "predecessor-version": [ { "id": 11077, "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/7169\/revisions\/11077" } ], "wp:attachment": [ { "href": "https:\/\/aa.org.lv\/en_us\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7169" } ], "curies": [ { "name": "wp", "href": "https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}", "templated": true } ] } }